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Lawful tools make end-to-end encryption an irony

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Lawful tools make end-to-end encryption an irony

The end-to-end encryption feature is the most interesting tool that users search for when they download a messaging app. However, some government entities have been trying to ban it. On the other hand, authorities have passed legislation to read citizen’s messages legally.

On November 29, 2016, the United Kingdom passed the Investigatory Powers Act (Known as Snooper’s Charter). The law introduces a new power that can compel internet and mobile providers to store details of your online activity for 12 months. This online activity is accessible to the government. “Under this law, police can plant malware on someone’s device that will either capture the message just before it has been encrypted on the user’s phone- or before it reaches the recipient’s device and gets encrypted there,” said Mark Ryan, professor of Computer Security, Birmingham University.

If you are living in Australia, the government could read your messages. Back to 2018, the Australian Government passed the Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance And Access) Act that allows Australian spy agencies- ASIO, ASIS, and ASD- to request applications to reveal a specific encrypted message. This legislation gives companies a spying power under which they would be required to build a new function that will help the police to access data.

“I actually deleted WhatsApp from my phone a few months ago,” said James Curran, Associate Professor in the School of IT at the University of Sydney and Academic Director of the Australian Computing Academy. WhatsApp has issued new software but unfortunately, there were some security problems that allowed hackers to install the spyware Pegasus, according to The Australian. Once installed on a smartphone, the hackers will have full access to WhatsApp’s end-to-end encryption. In addition, if you are getting so many spam calls per day, that means you are at risk. With every call, an infection occurs. “That WhatsApp call, even if it’s missed, is enough for that compromise to occur,” said Professor Curran to The Australian.

Imagine that every message you send over WhatsApp is kept on record with your phone number. That’s what India was planning to do. Indian authorities were asking tech companies to screen user posts and messages to make sure that they are not publishing something ‘unlawful’. On December 24, 2018, India published a draft of the “Information technology” rule. Under the Article 5 of this rule, messaging app companies shall when required by lawful order, within 72 hours of communication, provide information or assistance as asked by any government agency or assistance concerning security of the State or cyber security, or investigation or detection or prosecution or prevention of offence(s); protective or cyber security and matters connected with or incidental thereto”. These new rules apply to all the messaging Apps in India including WhatsApp, which is against the change. In fact, “This would require us to re-architect WhatsApp leading us to a different product; one that would not be fundamentally private said a spokesperson from WhatsApp in a statement on Record. “WhatsApp does not have the ability to read these private messages and we do not retain them once they are delivered,” said Chris Daniels, Vice-President of WhatsApp, to the Economic Times. In June 2019, the Indian government asked WhatsApp to digitally fingerprint every message sent on its messaging platform, according to The Economic Times report. In fact, the Indian government wants to track the origins of a message – those who have read and forwarded the message.

On the other hand, on May 8, 2019, Singapore also passed the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Bill, an anti-fake news law that allows the government to police the messaging apps and private chat groups.

On October 4, 2019, American, British and Australian governments sent an open letter to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg regarding Facebook’s “Privacy First” proposals. The letter calls on Zuckerberg not to proceed with his plans to implement end-to-end encryption across its messaging services. In fact, Zuckerberg is the owner of three widely used applications: Facebook, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp and Instagram. In April 2019, Ferdinand Grapperhaus, Dutch Minister for Justice and Security believes that tech companies should be able to provide a key if the examining magistrate asks for it. “The EU needs to look into legislation allowing governments to access encrypted data,” Grapperhaus told Politico. However, In February 2020, the European Commission asked all employees to switch from WhatsApp to Signal for security concerns.

“Your messages are yours, and we can’t read them. When they are end-to-end encrypted, we and third parties can’t read them” states WhatsApp. However, On August 25, 2016, WhatsApp’s terms and privacy policy were updated. WhatsApp published a notice on the blog post to release the end-to-end encryption feature. “Even as we coordinate more with Facebook in the months ahead, your encrypted messages stay private and no one else can read them. Not WhatsApp, not Facebook, nor anyone else” states the notice. By connecting your phone number with Facebook’s systems, Facebook can offer better friend suggestions and show you more relevant ads,” states the notice.

In fact, the end-to-end encryption feature is an irony. End-to-end encryption means that only you and the one who receives your message have a decryption key. However, these platforms may give access to messages for law enforcement reasons. According to WhatsApp “We may collect, use, preserve, and share your information if we have a good-faith belief that it is reasonably necessary to…” However, in the same policy they stated, “Once your messages (including your chats, photos, videos, voice messages, files, and share location information) are delivered, they are deleted from our servers. Your messages are stored on your own device”. If the messages were deleted from WhatsApp servers once reaching their destinations, how is the company able to share these conversations, in compliance with law-enforcement measures, later on?

While these apps have end-to-end encryption features, they all collect metadata, which is your electronic fingerprint. Metadata includes, whom you are talking to and for how long, the device you use and, your IP address. An easy way to block the collection of this kind of personal information is setting up a VPN app on your mobile device.

Backups are the worst thing you can do with your messaging apps. This tool is not end-to-end encrypted and it gives third parties- like Google- access to your messages.

Ranine joined Inside Telecom as an Investigative Journalist. Her extensive fieldwork and investigations shed light on many socio-economic issues. Over the past few years, she has transformed her key findings into in-depth analytical reports. She earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Journalism and Communication.

Cybersecurity

Password Management in Network Security

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Password Management in Network Security

When it comes to ensuring the highest levels of cybersecurity for any establishment, password management in network security is one of the most paramount factors in guaranteeing security. As one of the essential cybersecurity measures, password management is a critical element for any online activity, whether for software or hardware. Everything is protected with a password.

What is Password Manager and How does it Work?

To those not familiar with the concept, password management’s significance exceeds the creation of a strong password to protect your data or account. It is a cybersecurity system. A system that manages any saved login credentials, all while guaranteeing a safeguarded relocation of data from one device to another. When coming up with a valid password, a few factors must be taken into account, such as the potential of being exposed to high risks and identity theft.

For any establishment, the correct password manager helps to monitor any activity and amounts of logins for servers people work on. As a software application, it is developed for storing and managing online credentials. With the increased available platforms and programs requiring safety credentials, the risk of losing or forgetting a password has never been higher. User password management, such as Google password manager, helps users with a handful of passwords for essential web applications.

By providing the needed digital space to generate and store any, and all passwords in one location, password management in network security keeps any data safe and secure in various ways, including biometrics data.

Why Use Password Manager?

Through the encryption of users’ logins, a reliable password manager protects your credentials and cannot be accessed until the master password is submitted. In this case, no password is stored on the device itself or even on the manager’s servers. While some might think that storing all of your important passwords in one place might be hazardous, the truth is, password managers are the safest bet to safeguard all your passwords, as the chances of a password manager being breached are extremely low and almost very unlikely to happen.

Without getting into all the technical terms as to why password managers are the safest option, these applications can be perceived as the lesser evil. While users will still need to create one master password – preferably to be long and a bit complicated – it will guarantee the protection of any login credential for any account or credit card information.

The ideal password managers to download are backed by two-factor authenticators, where users are asked for a one-time code alongside the password whenever a new login into a new device takes place.

Password Management Best Practices in Network Security

In terms of obtaining the highest level of protection for network security, few practices are applicable to almost anyone to ensure the highest level of user password management.

1. Training

Training the team and raising awareness of potential password threats is one of the most important things to consider. Team members working on network security have to understand the risk of cybersecurity and the importance of implementing the right measure to protect and secure any account credential.

2. Enforcement of Reliable and Strong Passwords

Enforcing the creation of strong passwords and establishing they follow the best practices for network security to protect the network and its data while respecting the integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility of the network’s computer systems.

This includes performing a thorough network audit, deploying network and security devices, disabling file sharing features, updating antivirus and anti-malware software, securing all routers, using a private IP address, and finally establishing a network security maintenance system.

3. Multi-factor Authentication

Endorsing your password management with two-factor authentication is like adding another solid layer of protection to your accounts and their passwords. Multi-factor authentication ensures that only people responsible for the network have access to its sensitive data.


Inside Telecom provides you with an extensive list of content covering all aspects of the tech industry. Keep an eye on our Cybersecurity space to stay informed and up-to-date with our daily articles.

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Cybersecurity

How to Check a Suspicious Link Without Opening it

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We are all well aware of the troubles opening a fishy link can lead us to.  Luring users to click on a given link has been of one the well-known techniques to get access to the device, install virus and malware or even go as far as creating a full ransomware attack. To protect your computer and private information, there are multiple techniques to check links without opening them. What is important though is never to open the link if it is suspicious.

When you are not dealing with a shortened URL, the best way to go thoroughly through the link to see if there is any spelling mistake. Attackers usually tend to change a minimum number of letters so that you are unable to tell the difference. For instance, things like www.goagle.com instead of www.google.com should catch your attention with the second ‘o’ of Google replaced with an ‘a’.

Emails are the best sources for phishing attacks. These kinds of attacks are used to steal some sensitive information such as passwords and credit card information. The best way to avoid these kinds of attacks is to authenticate the sender. For that purpose, do not only check the name of the sender, you need to double-check the email the sender is using. In general, attackers use credible sender names with emails which do not correspond to the promoted identity. Next time you get an email from your bank like “XBank”, check that the sender email is person@Xbank.com rather than person@anyothermailclient.com.

Many websites actually provide link checking or link scanning features. This is a very neat technique to simple check the link before clicking on it.

VirusTotal

www.virustotal.com  is an excellent website for this task. This online tool practically does the job of an anti-virus. When you go to the website, you have the possibility to analyze files and URL for malware or any other security breach. Once you submit your file or enter the URL, the website will use different tools and software, then provide you with a detailed output from each of these tools. If you are unsure if a given software is credible enough, you can compare it to the output of other platforms on a single website.

Use a Short URL Expander

Sometimes attackers try to shorten URLs to hide any malicious intention. Analyzing shortened URL is not straightforward. To overcome this problem, copy the provided URL without opening it and use specific websites that actually expand the provided URLs. Then, you can analyze the original URL for possible security breaches.  Many websites are there to do this task. Just search for “short URL expander” on your search engine and use the top provided websites.

Upgrade your Anti-Virus with Internet Security Features

Anti-virus software is commonly used to protect personal computers from viruses and other malware. While these are available for free, you can easily upgrade them to include internet security features for a small monthly fee. This will bring major improvement to your internet browsing experience including custom-made safe browsing tools.

Use Google Transparency Report

Google provide a nice tool to check for the safety of websites. To do so, visit https://transparencyreport.google.com and enter the URL in question. The Google source will then provide you with a safety report of that website.  

The nicest solution is kept to the end. When you hover over a link in your email client or web browser, a small square appears including all the information related to the chosen URL. These details can be used to give a preliminary indication whether to trust the source.

Final Thoughts

Suspicious links are everywhere! To make sure they don’t catch you by surprise, follow the highlighted and you’ll be safe to go.


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Cybersecurity

Disadvantages of AI in Cybersecurity

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Cybersecurity and artificial intelligence (AI) are two very trending topics at the moment. AI has been the pivotal elements modifying business strategies, improving decision-making processes, and triggering automation in every industry in the world. The latest sentience debate is a clear indicator on serious and advanced AI is becoming nowadays. Cybersecurity is the other important element of today’s technological world. With an increasing reliance on data and the move to online services that require an individual’s biometrics, security essential in preventing data thefts and associated cybercrimes. AI has undeniably improved cybersecurity practices by allowing a real-time analysis of internet traffic to discover possible threats at the earliest and take defensive actions. This important learning process hides however several disadvantages of AI in cybersecurity.

What Are the Downsides to AI in Cybersecurity?

The touted advantages of AI in cybersecurity are real and very useful. However, the increasing adoption of AI solutions for security is actually causing problems at different levels.

Hackers Use AI as Well

When it comes to maturity in technology, hackers are the best at it. These individuals sitting behind computer screens logging data and doing advanced analytics to identify any loophole or vulnerability they can use to their benefits. The use of AI as far as cybersecurity is concerned is a double-edged sword. It is actually a race of who can develop a better algorithm that caters better to the data which is circulating online. In this sense, the use of AI is a big threat to security.

Another issue is that while a company is analyzing and learning from data to discover threats, a hacker is concurrently analyzing the company’s cyber-defense mechanisms and policies to find “open doors’ that will take it into the system to complete the intended attack.

Data Confidentiality

AI algorithms are associated with the analysis with large volumes of data, a key requirement for the developed algorithms to produce accurate outputs. The data a company deals with contains normal traffic related to daily transactions and activities, but also sensitive information related to the clients including their biometrics and personal information. What happens to our data when it goes to the AI-agent though is another thing. Protecting the data is key when AI is used for cybersecurity reasons. The secrecy of the clients’ data should not be compromised for any reason.

Increasing Need for Data

The field of cybersecurity is constantly evolving with ingenious attacks and threats emerging every now and then. Browser-in-the-browser attacks and increasingly advanced ransomware attacks have been notable examples in 2022. In order to discover attacks at a later stage, the AI algorithm needs to have data to do the proper training. The increasingly dynamic environment with threats emerging and evolving will lead to a surge in the required volumes of data, which can potentially not be readily available to have a fast response to the attack itself. Whether it is the ability of AI to keep track of the exponential growth in data or the availability of data for the AI-algorithm to produce results is a big disadvantage of this approach for cybersecurity

Will Cybersecurity be Replaced by AI?

With the drive towards more and more automation, it is questionable whether this can be applied as well for cybersecurity practices. AI can certainly assist in processing and learning from data and produce insights. However, the real decision maker in such as sensitive area where no errors can be tolerated is the cybersecurity expert himself. The only way for AI to replace cybersecurity is when it becomes sentient or developed enough to think and act like humans do. There is still a long way for that to concretize.

Explainable or interpretable AI is a key intermediate step in reaching this target. First, we need to understand how AI produces results. Proper cybersecurity practices require a reduction in bias while optimizing the performance of the algorithm.

How Will AI Affect Cybersecurity Jobs?

The adoption of AI will certainly cause major shifts in the cybersecurity job market as in the case in other industries, but probably at a smaller scale. The level of skill and experience needed to thwart cyberattacks will safeguard the need for security experts to provide the final decision regarding suspicious data patterns.

On the other hand, the incorporation of AI will call for new skilled workers that can manage and optimize the performance of the algorithms. Another alternative would be for existing workforce to be upskilled and retrained to handle the new analysis tools.

Summary

As data is becoming the basic unit for decision making, AI has invaded all industries and businesses, including cybersecurity. Companies are starting to incorporate learning algorithms to their offered services in order to have a more intelligent management of the different security threats. However, the role of AI in cybersecurity should be considered with enough judgment. The addition of AI would increase the complexity in the data management process, notably in terms of data privacy and the continuous need for more data.


“Inside Telecom provides you with an extensive list of content covering all aspects of the tech industry. Keep an eye on our Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence space to stay informed and up-to-date with our daily articles.”

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