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EXPLAINER: Why has the price of Bitcoin been falling?

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Even by Bitcoin’s standards, Wednesday was pretty wild.

The price of the famously volatile digital currency fell nearly 30% at one point after the China Banking Association warned member banks of the risks associated with digital currencies. The decline narrowed to below 10% in the afternoon, but Bitcoin had still lost about $70 billion in market value in 24 hours.

Bitcoin has lost about 38% of its value since April 13 when it hit a high of more than $64,800, according to Coindesk. The China warning was just the latest headwind: Before Wednesday, Tesla’s decision to not accept the digital currency as payment for cars — after it said it would — and murmurings in Washington about tighter regulation of digital currencies had put pressure on Bitcoin. The price is still up about 31% in 2021 and nearly 300% from a year ago.

Here’s a look at Bitcoin and digital currencies in general:

HOW BITCOIN WORKS

Bitcoin is a digital currency that is not tied to a bank or government and allows users to spend money anonymously. The coins are created by users who “mine” them by lending computing power to verify other users’ transactions. They receive Bitcoins in exchange. The coins also can be bought and sold on exchanges with U.S. dollars and other currencies. Some businesses take Bitcoin as payment, and a number of financial institutions allow it in their clients’ portfolios, but overall mainstream acceptance is still limited.

Bitcoins are basically lines of computer code that are digitally signed each time they travel from one owner to the next. Transactions can be made anonymously, making the currency popular with libertarians as well as tech enthusiasts, speculators — and criminals.

Bitcoins have to be stored in a digital wallet, either online through an exchange like Coinbase, or offline on a hard drive using specialized software. According to Coinbase, there are about 18.7 million Bitcoins in circulation and only 21 million will ever exist. The reason for that is unclear, and where all the Bitcoins are is anyone’s guess.

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE PRICE?

On Wednesday, a statement posted on the Chinese Banking Association’s website said financial institutions should “resolutely refrain” from providing services using digital currencies because of their volatility.

Virtually every cryptocurrency fell after the industry group’s statement.

As of 4:15 p.m. eastern time Wednesday, Bitcoin was down more than 7% at around $40,310 per coin. Most cryptocurrencies lost between 7% and 22% of their value and shares of Coinbase dropped 5.4%.

It’s not unusual for the value of Bitcoin to change by thousands of dollars in a short time period, though swings totaling around $20,000 in one day are extreme. On the last trading day of 2020, Bitcoin closed just under $30,000. In mid-April, it flirted with $65,000.

DOESN’T ELON MUSK HAVE A ROLE HERE?

Yes, and a fairly big one. Musk announced in February that his electric car company Tesla had invested $1.5 billion in Bitcoin. In March, Tesla began accepting Bitcoin as payment. Those actions contributed to the run-up in Bitcoin’s price, and Musk also promoted the digital currency Dogecoin, which also spiked in value.

However, Musk reversed course in just a short time, saying last week that Tesla would stop accepting Bitcoin because of the potential environmental damage that can result from Bitcoin mining. The announcement sent Bitcoin falling below $50,000 and set the tone for the big pullback recently in most cryptocurrencies.

A number of Bitcoin fans pushed back on Musk’s reasoning. Fellow billionaire Mark Cuban said that gold mining is much more damaging to the environment than the mining of Bitcoin.

A 2019 study by the Technical University of Munich and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the Bitcoin network generates an amount of CO2 similar to a large Western city or an entire developing country like Sri Lanka. But a University of Cambridge study last year estimated that on average, 39% of “proof-of-work” crypto mining was powered by renewable energy, primarily hydroelectric energy.

There had been some concern among Bitcoin investors that Tesla would sell some or all of its Bitcoin holdings, but Musk indicated in a tweet Wednesday that Tesla was sticking with its investment.

BUT SOME COMPANIES ARE USING BITCOIN?

The digital payment company Square and its CEO Jack Dorsey — also the CEO of Twitter — have been big proponents of Bitcoin. Overstock.com also accepts Bitcoin, and in February, BNY Mellon, the oldest bank in the U.S., said it would include digital currencies in the services it provides to clients. And Mastercard said it would start supporting “select crypto currencies” on its network.

Bitcoin has become popular enough that more than 300,000 transactions typically occur in an average day, according to Bitcoin wallet site blockchain.info. Still, its popularity is low compared with cash and credit cards.

THERE IS SKEPTICISM AROUND BITCOIN?

Yes, plenty of it. Tracking Bitcoin’s price is obviously easier than trying to figure out its value, which is why so many institutions, experts and traders are skeptical about it and cryptocurrency in general. Digital currencies were seen as replacements for paper money, but that hasn’t happened so far. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has said the central bank prefers to call crypto coins “crypto assets,” because their volatility undermines their ability to store value, a basic function of a currency.

While some banks and financial services companies are getting in on it, others are staying away.

COULD A DIGITAL CURRENCY SELL-OFF CAUSE WIDESPREAD DAMAGE?

Regulators aren’t very worried about a possible crash in digital currencies dragging down the rest of the financial system or economy.

Even with the recent sell-off, digital currencies have a market value of about $1.72 trillion, according to the website coinmarketcap.com. But that pales compared with the $46.9 trillion stock market, $41.3 trillion residential real estate market and nearly $21 trillion Treasury market at the start of the year.

The European Central Bank said Wednesday that the risk of cryptocurrencies affecting the financial system’s stability looks “limited at present.” In large part, that’s because they’re still not widely used for payments and institutions under its purview still have little exposure to crypto-linked instruments.

Earlier this month, the Federal Reserve said a survey of market contacts found roughly one in five cited cryptocurrencies as a potential shock to the system over the next 12 to 18 months. That’s a turnaround from the fall, when a similar survey found none mentioning cryptocurrencies.

HOW MUCH OVERSIGHT IS THERE?

Washington officials have been talking about regulating digital currencies more, and worries about a heavier hand have played a role in the recent swoon in prices.

Gary Gensler, who took over as chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission last month, has said that cryptocurrency markets would benefit from more oversight to protect investors.

In a hearing before the House’s financial services committee earlier this month, Gensler said neither the SEC nor the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which he used to head, has a “regulatory framework” for trading on cryptocurrency exchanges yet. He said he thought Congress would ultimately have to address it because “there’s really not protection against fraud or manipulation.”

HOW BITCOIN CAME TO BE

It’s a mystery. Bitcoin was launched in 2009 by a person or group of people operating under the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin was then adopted by a small clutch of enthusiasts. Nakamoto dropped off the map as bitcoin began to attract widespread attention. But proponents say that doesn’t matter: The currency obeys its own internal logic.


NEW YORK (AP) — The Associated Press undefined.

Reporters Matt Ott, Ken Sweet and Stan Choe in New York contributed.

Blockchain - Cryptocurrency

Is Cryptocurrency Legal in India?

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Cryptocurrency Legal in India

Whether making Cryptocurrency legal in India or not is still up for debate, but the Supreme Court asked the government to be very clear about its position. The national government is drafting a bill to control cryptocurrencies and other digital assets in India. In the Union Budget 2022, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that the federal government would impose a steep tax of 30% on virtual assets, such as cryptocurrencies and Nonfungible Tokens, or NFTs. Budget 2022 suggested creating a new section 115BBH to impose income tax on cryptocurrencies and other virtual assets in order to implement this crypto tax.

According to finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman, taxing cryptocurrencies does not make them legal tender in the nation. The nation has the right to impose taxes on cryptocurrency transactions, and these taxes have hit the Indian crypto market hard. The finance minister stated that an official position on regulation wouldn’t be taken until the ongoing consultations were over.

The Directorate of Enforcement (ED) of the nation is making rapid progress with its investigation into any potential foreign exchange.

According to reports, the ED is looking into every aspect of the offshore transactions carried out by the Indian exchanges. The amount of domestic money that left India is being estimated by the Indian authorities, and is a big factor in whether to make Cryptocurrency legal in India or not. Transaction histories and the companies’ involvement with foreign exchanges are hidden from view for that reason.

When an assessee’s total income includes any income from the transfer of virtual digital assets, the proposed section 115BBH seeks to stipulate that the amount of income tax that is due is equal to the sum of the income tax that is due at the rate of 30% on such income and the amount of income tax that would have been due had the assessee’s total income been reduced by the sum of those incomes, according to the Budget 2022 Memorandum.

From Assessment Year 2023–2024, the recently proposed cryptocurrency tax will be in effect. In the upcoming fiscal year (2022–2023), all of your cryptocurrency-related income will be subject to a 30 percent tax rate. For FY 2021–2022, investors must pay taxes in accordance with the current tax regulations.

With this law, the Indian financial authorities have essentially clamped down on the newly emerged financial market due to fear of financial instability, especially given the recent crypto crash.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated in November that cryptocurrencies could “spoil our youth” after the central bank had repeatedly warned that cryptocurrencies could pose “serious concerns on macroeconomic and financial stability.”

This view on the dangers of cryptocurrencies comes, ironically enough, despite some pretty impressive statistics, and have been taken into consideration when discussing whether to make Cryptocurrency legal in India.

One of the largest and fastest-growing cryptocurrency markets worldwide is found in India. There are 15 domestic cryptocurrency exchanges in the nation.

According to industry data, there are between 15 and 20 million cryptocurrency owners in India, with estimated holdings worth $6 billion (€5.31 billion).

Despite this, the Indian cryptocurrency market remains under stringent scrutiny that appears to persist for the foreseeable future.


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How Facebook’s Cryptocurrency Venture Fell to its Demise

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Facebook’s Cryptocurrency Venture

Surely, we all remember that one time when Facebook tried to enter the cryptocurrency world to expand its influence into the decentralized universe of cryptocurrency and blockchain. But those familiar with Facebook’s cryptocurrency venture also know that the dream did not even come close to fruition. Why? Let’s just start by saying many factors led to its unfortunate doomed fate, which was put into question from the get-go, but the main one has to be the project’s failure to secure the satisfaction of federal regulators.

Facebook Crypto Coin

In its first uncovering of its ambitious venture, the initial Facebook cryptocurrency name was Libra, which later on was changed, and the crypto coin was dubbed the name Diem. A term that could mean “carpe diem,” referring to the urge to make the most of the present time and not considering the thought and consequences of the future.

Seems quite fitting, given the project lasted only during its present time, did not see the light of day, and never reached its future endeavors. This can mainly be attributed to the heavy federal discontent of federal regulators and global finance officials, leading to its imminent failure in such a short period of time.

Originally, Facebook’s cryptocurrency venture was announced as a stablecoin with a value pegged to real-world assets, similar to worldly fiat currencies. The Facebook Libra cryptocurrency was intended to be adopted as a basic global currency with sparse fees, playing the role of digital money on your phone, used to pay any purchase supported by cryptocurrency. The overtone of this factor means that if the project had seen the light of day, it would’ve had its own monetary power, placing it in direct competition with the fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar. An element that brimmed fear into financial officials, pushing federal regulators to impose some form of authority on the project and its success to prevent any impact on the financial system’s sustainability and the overall control imposed by global central banks over money.

The Duel for Existence

The cryptocurrency of Facebook has been fighting for its existence since day one. Bombarded with deep discontent from the regulatory gaze and central bankers driven by fears that it would endorse illegal endeavors such as money laundering and privacy infringement and present itself as potential competition for global currencies’ sovereignty.

Following the regulatory scrutiny, the Facebook coin Libra was exposed to an endless chain of various ownerships, ending with a wave of migration of many corporate partners and high-level executives. The project, which Facebook’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Mark Zuckerberg hoped would change the world’s financial ecosystem, was soon faced with Washington’s rejection, particularly that of the Chair of the Federal Reserve and the Treasury secretary.

From there, the Big Tech giant’s respectable prestige was smeared to the ground during Zuckerberg’s testimony on Capitol Hill as he was playing all his cards to protect the name of the project. Yet the controversies of Facebook breaching Its users’ data privacy, spreading misinformation, and failing to provide robust censorship on its platform affected the stability of the project. Not to mention the fact that some of the biggest financial companies backing the project forsook, such as Mastercard, Visa, and PayPal. Then, followed by the head of Meta’s Cryptocurrency efforts, David Marcus announcement to abandon his responsibilities on the project.

With that in mind, the chain broke, and an overflow of criticism broke unto the project, with U.S. President Joe Biden expressing that he was never really a fan of the social media giant’s CEO and highly ranked Republicans and Democrats voicing their agitation with the Diem project.

Summary

The rippling effect of executives leaving Facebook’s cryptocurrency venture and politicians directing their wrath on the venture’s parent company left the Facebook coin, Libra, in a state of limbo for a while, which eventually led to Its demise. While there were many factors that contributed to its failure, the one thing that accentuated Its doomed fate is that the idea was envisioned by Facebook. The one thing that would’ve contributed to its eminent success, turned out to be the only thing catalyzing Its calamity.


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German Financial Authority BaFin Calls for Unified DeFi EU Regulation

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DeFi EU Regulation

Executive director of Germany’s Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), Birgit Rodolphe, has appealed for novel and comprehensive regulation of the decentralized finance (DeFi) sector across the European Union and to create a consistent DeFi EU regulation.

BaFin is Germany’s financial regulator, in charge of overseeing banks, insurance companies, and other financial organizations, which includes everything related to cryptocurrencies. BaFin is responsible for issuing “crypto custody licenses,” which are essential for companies wishing to provide bitcoin services in Germany.

Rodolphe made a point of the risks presented by an uncontrolled DeFi area to consumers in an article on BaFin’s website, calling for a uniform regulatory framework throughout EU member countries.

“One thing is clear: the clock is ticking. The longer the DeFi market goes unregulated, the greater the risk for consumers, and all the greater is the danger that critical offers that have systemic relevance will establish themselves.” Rodolphe stated.

She listed “technical issues, hacks, and fraudulent activity” as threats to consumers, claiming that DeFi isn’t as “democratic and altruistic” as its proponents believe and that DeFi products and systems are “difficult for many to grasp.” She came to the conclusion that DeFi protocols cannot function outside of rules just because they employ new technologies and claim to be outside the reach of law and governance or believe themselves to be self-governing.

Rodolphe lamented that the deregulated and chaotic DeFi, crypto, and NFT spaces had left many missing their financial livelihood. This is especially true now amid the biggest crash in crypto history that saw otherwise safe financial decisions brought low, with livelihoods lost and DeFi projects abandoned.

It is true that those who lose in the wild west, that is, the crypto market have no one to turn to when things go wrong, when assets disappear, wallets are hacked, or deposits are lost.

She went on to say that lending, borrowing, insurance, and other goods outside of the traditional financial system are all subject to license and supervision in the states where they’re sold, and she urged authorities to establish standards that will give DeFi providers legal certainty.

Rodolphe cited BaFin’s “crypto custody business” license, which allows businesses to provide cryptocurrency services in Germany.

The license was which was launched in January 2020 as an “attractive” regulatory framework for crypto enterprises. Only four crypto service providers have been licensed so far, but numerous financial institutions have applied.

Rodolphe wrote that regulatory systems in different European countries should be the same and help form a unified DeFi EU regulation.

“Ideally, such requirements would of course be uniform throughout the EU in order to prevent a fragmented market and to leverage Europe’s entire innovation potential.” She emphasized.

Rodolphe drew the conclusion that new DeFi laws mustn’t be weaker than the existing standards for traditional financial goods, as this might make DeFi products more appealing to businesses from a regulatory standpoint.

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