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At El Salvador’s Bitcoin Beach, a glimpse of crypto economy

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After El Salvador’s congress made the bitcoin legal tender this week, eyes turned to this rural fishing village on the Pacific coast. Known to surfers for its pounding waves, El Zonte has had the cryptocurrency in its economy for the past year.

Some 500 fishing and farming families use bitcoin to buy groceries and pay utilities, something the government envisions for the country at large. Bitcoin already was legal to use in El Salvador but its acceptance was voluntary, so the legislation passed late Tuesday now requires all businesses — except those without the technology — to accept payment in bitcoin.

El Zonte’s mini bitcoin economy 26 miles (43 kilometers) from the capital came about through an anonymous donor who started working through a local nonprofit group in 2019. Supporters of the financial change point to it as a demonstration case for how digital currency could help in a country where 70% of the people don’t have bank accounts.

President Nayib Bukele, who pushed through the bitcoin law, touts it both as a way to help those many Salvadorans without access to traditional banking services and as a path to attract foreigners with bitcoin holdings to invest in El Salvador, which is the first nation to make the cryptocurrency legal tender.

Experts are trying to figure out why Bukele is pushing bitcoin. They say it is unclear how the highly volatile cryptocurrency will be a good option for the unbanked and only time will tell if the new system translates into real investment in El Salvador.

Bitcoin, intended as an alternative to government-backed money, is based largely on complex math, data-scrambling cryptography — thus the term “cryptocurrency” — lots of processing power and a distributed global ledger called the blockchain, which records all transactions. No central bank or other institution has any say in its value, which is set entirely by people trading bitcoin and its value has moved wildly over time.

In El Zonte this week, construction worker Hilario Gálvez walked into Tienda María to buy a soda and snacks to share with his friends. Instead of reaching for his wallet, he paid through an app on his phone.

The store’s namesake, María del Carmen Avilés, said she is now expert in bitcoin transactions.

“When a customer comes I ask him if he’s going to pay with the application or in cash. The majority pay with the application Bitcoin Beach. I look for it on my cell to charge them.”

It doesn’t take more than two minutes.

“It’s easier than paying with bills,” Gálvez said. “I can buy from my house, do the transaction with the application Bitcoin Beach, and I just come to pick up what I need.”

Avilés notes that the volatility of the bitcoin can be a problem.

“People ask me if I recommend bitcoin, I tell them I’ve won, but I’ve also lost,” Avilés said. “When bitcoin hit $60,000, I won and I bought this refrigerated room for the store, but then it went down and I lost.”

Román Martínez was a pioneer in using bitcoin in El Zonte. He said the anonymous U.S. donor heard about community projects through the nonprofit Hope House where he works and began working through another American who lives in El Zonte. Hope House shares a building with Strike, a Chicago-based start-up that has been working with Bukele’s government on the nationwide bitcoin launch.

A request by The Associated Press to interview Strike CEO Jack Mallers was not granted. In an email, the company said, “Strike’s app is meant to empower people in all countries, broaden the financial system to include those who have been excluded, and increase economic opportunity around the world, and that is at the heart of this effort.”

El Salvador has used the U.S. dollar as its official currency since 2001, and Strike said that adopting bitcoin “as legal tender will help reduce its dependence on the decisions of a foreign central bank.”

Martinez said El Zonte residents did not have bank accounts, had no access to credit and were forced to handle all transactions in cash. “Now they are small investors whose lives have been changed by bitcoin,” he said.

Some question just how much can be learned from the Bitcoin Beach experiment.

David Gerard, author of “Attack of the 50 Foot Blockchain,” said El Zonte is an artificial demonstration.

At Bitcoin Beach, he said, “the bitcoins are traded inside Strike. They don’t actually move on the bitcoin blockchain or anything.”

Gerard said it appears to work because the bitcoin donor keeps pumping bitcoin into the village’s system. “That’s not a proof of concept that works. That shows that you can trade this stuff if you’re not trading actual bitcoins and someone massively subsidizes it.”

Adoption had been slow in El Zonte, but took off during the coronavirus pandemic when strict lockdown measures kept most people from leaving home.

“Our donor made three deliveries of $40, converted to bitcoin, for each of the community’s 500 families, and they were trained to use the application and now it’s normal to buy with bitcoin,” Martínez said.

El Zonte even has a Bitcoin ATM, which gives dollars in exchange for bitcoin or takes dollars and gives credit in bitcoin.

Edgar Magaña was in town from San Salvador to convert $50 to bitcoin. He inserted the dollars into the machine and was surprised to see only $47 in bitcoin fractions credited to his account on his phone.

“They took three dollars commission,” Magaña said, adding that he had understood there was no commission. “This is like in the banks.”

To spur national adoption, Bukele said the government would create a $150 million fund to allow people receiving payments in bitcoin to immediately convert them to dollars, reducing the risk of holding the fluctuating digital currency.

Jessica Velis, who runs the El Zonte business where the ATM is located, said some people here are already receiving remittances from abroad in bitcoin.

Salvadorans received some $6 billion in remittances last year from relatives living abroad, mostly in the United States. Bukele has said adopting bitcoin could save on the costs of sending that money home.

Not everyone in El Zonte is sold on the idea.

At Olas Permanentes, one of the town’s most popular restaurants, customers have been able to pay using bitcoin. But when the waitstaff was asked if they use it, they all said no. Some said they didn’t have higher-end cellphones needed to download the app, while others said they had doubts about how it worked.

“They pay me in dollars and in cash,” said one waitress, who declined to give her name.

Walking through town, a woman who only gave her name as Teresita, was asked if she used bitcoin. “Not me, I prefer to have the bills,” she said.


EL ZONTE, El Salvador (AP) — By MARCOS ALEMAN Associated Press.

Associated Press writer Christopher Sherman in Mexico City contributed to this report.

Blockchain - Cryptocurrency

Is Cryptocurrency Legal in India?

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Cryptocurrency Legal in India

Whether making Cryptocurrency legal in India or not is still up for debate, but the Supreme Court asked the government to be very clear about its position. The national government is drafting a bill to control cryptocurrencies and other digital assets in India. In the Union Budget 2022, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that the federal government would impose a steep tax of 30% on virtual assets, such as cryptocurrencies and Nonfungible Tokens, or NFTs. Budget 2022 suggested creating a new section 115BBH to impose income tax on cryptocurrencies and other virtual assets in order to implement this crypto tax.

According to finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman, taxing cryptocurrencies does not make them legal tender in the nation. The nation has the right to impose taxes on cryptocurrency transactions, and these taxes have hit the Indian crypto market hard. The finance minister stated that an official position on regulation wouldn’t be taken until the ongoing consultations were over.

The Directorate of Enforcement (ED) of the nation is making rapid progress with its investigation into any potential foreign exchange.

According to reports, the ED is looking into every aspect of the offshore transactions carried out by the Indian exchanges. The amount of domestic money that left India is being estimated by the Indian authorities, and is a big factor in whether to make Cryptocurrency legal in India or not. Transaction histories and the companies’ involvement with foreign exchanges are hidden from view for that reason.

When an assessee’s total income includes any income from the transfer of virtual digital assets, the proposed section 115BBH seeks to stipulate that the amount of income tax that is due is equal to the sum of the income tax that is due at the rate of 30% on such income and the amount of income tax that would have been due had the assessee’s total income been reduced by the sum of those incomes, according to the Budget 2022 Memorandum.

From Assessment Year 2023–2024, the recently proposed cryptocurrency tax will be in effect. In the upcoming fiscal year (2022–2023), all of your cryptocurrency-related income will be subject to a 30 percent tax rate. For FY 2021–2022, investors must pay taxes in accordance with the current tax regulations.

With this law, the Indian financial authorities have essentially clamped down on the newly emerged financial market due to fear of financial instability, especially given the recent crypto crash.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated in November that cryptocurrencies could “spoil our youth” after the central bank had repeatedly warned that cryptocurrencies could pose “serious concerns on macroeconomic and financial stability.”

This view on the dangers of cryptocurrencies comes, ironically enough, despite some pretty impressive statistics, and have been taken into consideration when discussing whether to make Cryptocurrency legal in India.

One of the largest and fastest-growing cryptocurrency markets worldwide is found in India. There are 15 domestic cryptocurrency exchanges in the nation.

According to industry data, there are between 15 and 20 million cryptocurrency owners in India, with estimated holdings worth $6 billion (€5.31 billion).

Despite this, the Indian cryptocurrency market remains under stringent scrutiny that appears to persist for the foreseeable future.


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How Facebook’s Cryptocurrency Venture Fell to its Demise

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Facebook’s Cryptocurrency Venture

Surely, we all remember that one time when Facebook tried to enter the cryptocurrency world to expand its influence into the decentralized universe of cryptocurrency and blockchain. But those familiar with Facebook’s cryptocurrency venture also know that the dream did not even come close to fruition. Why? Let’s just start by saying many factors led to its unfortunate doomed fate, which was put into question from the get-go, but the main one has to be the project’s failure to secure the satisfaction of federal regulators.

Facebook Crypto Coin

In its first uncovering of its ambitious venture, the initial Facebook cryptocurrency name was Libra, which later on was changed, and the crypto coin was dubbed the name Diem. A term that could mean “carpe diem,” referring to the urge to make the most of the present time and not considering the thought and consequences of the future.

Seems quite fitting, given the project lasted only during its present time, did not see the light of day, and never reached its future endeavors. This can mainly be attributed to the heavy federal discontent of federal regulators and global finance officials, leading to its imminent failure in such a short period of time.

Originally, Facebook’s cryptocurrency venture was announced as a stablecoin with a value pegged to real-world assets, similar to worldly fiat currencies. The Facebook Libra cryptocurrency was intended to be adopted as a basic global currency with sparse fees, playing the role of digital money on your phone, used to pay any purchase supported by cryptocurrency. The overtone of this factor means that if the project had seen the light of day, it would’ve had its own monetary power, placing it in direct competition with the fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar. An element that brimmed fear into financial officials, pushing federal regulators to impose some form of authority on the project and its success to prevent any impact on the financial system’s sustainability and the overall control imposed by global central banks over money.

The Duel for Existence

The cryptocurrency of Facebook has been fighting for its existence since day one. Bombarded with deep discontent from the regulatory gaze and central bankers driven by fears that it would endorse illegal endeavors such as money laundering and privacy infringement and present itself as potential competition for global currencies’ sovereignty.

Following the regulatory scrutiny, the Facebook coin Libra was exposed to an endless chain of various ownerships, ending with a wave of migration of many corporate partners and high-level executives. The project, which Facebook’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Mark Zuckerberg hoped would change the world’s financial ecosystem, was soon faced with Washington’s rejection, particularly that of the Chair of the Federal Reserve and the Treasury secretary.

From there, the Big Tech giant’s respectable prestige was smeared to the ground during Zuckerberg’s testimony on Capitol Hill as he was playing all his cards to protect the name of the project. Yet the controversies of Facebook breaching Its users’ data privacy, spreading misinformation, and failing to provide robust censorship on its platform affected the stability of the project. Not to mention the fact that some of the biggest financial companies backing the project forsook, such as Mastercard, Visa, and PayPal. Then, followed by the head of Meta’s Cryptocurrency efforts, David Marcus announcement to abandon his responsibilities on the project.

With that in mind, the chain broke, and an overflow of criticism broke unto the project, with U.S. President Joe Biden expressing that he was never really a fan of the social media giant’s CEO and highly ranked Republicans and Democrats voicing their agitation with the Diem project.

Summary

The rippling effect of executives leaving Facebook’s cryptocurrency venture and politicians directing their wrath on the venture’s parent company left the Facebook coin, Libra, in a state of limbo for a while, which eventually led to Its demise. While there were many factors that contributed to its failure, the one thing that accentuated Its doomed fate is that the idea was envisioned by Facebook. The one thing that would’ve contributed to its eminent success, turned out to be the only thing catalyzing Its calamity.


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German Financial Authority BaFin Calls for Unified DeFi EU Regulation

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DeFi EU Regulation

Executive director of Germany’s Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), Birgit Rodolphe, has appealed for novel and comprehensive regulation of the decentralized finance (DeFi) sector across the European Union and to create a consistent DeFi EU regulation.

BaFin is Germany’s financial regulator, in charge of overseeing banks, insurance companies, and other financial organizations, which includes everything related to cryptocurrencies. BaFin is responsible for issuing “crypto custody licenses,” which are essential for companies wishing to provide bitcoin services in Germany.

Rodolphe made a point of the risks presented by an uncontrolled DeFi area to consumers in an article on BaFin’s website, calling for a uniform regulatory framework throughout EU member countries.

“One thing is clear: the clock is ticking. The longer the DeFi market goes unregulated, the greater the risk for consumers, and all the greater is the danger that critical offers that have systemic relevance will establish themselves.” Rodolphe stated.

She listed “technical issues, hacks, and fraudulent activity” as threats to consumers, claiming that DeFi isn’t as “democratic and altruistic” as its proponents believe and that DeFi products and systems are “difficult for many to grasp.” She came to the conclusion that DeFi protocols cannot function outside of rules just because they employ new technologies and claim to be outside the reach of law and governance or believe themselves to be self-governing.

Rodolphe lamented that the deregulated and chaotic DeFi, crypto, and NFT spaces had left many missing their financial livelihood. This is especially true now amid the biggest crash in crypto history that saw otherwise safe financial decisions brought low, with livelihoods lost and DeFi projects abandoned.

It is true that those who lose in the wild west, that is, the crypto market have no one to turn to when things go wrong, when assets disappear, wallets are hacked, or deposits are lost.

She went on to say that lending, borrowing, insurance, and other goods outside of the traditional financial system are all subject to license and supervision in the states where they’re sold, and she urged authorities to establish standards that will give DeFi providers legal certainty.

Rodolphe cited BaFin’s “crypto custody business” license, which allows businesses to provide cryptocurrency services in Germany.

The license was which was launched in January 2020 as an “attractive” regulatory framework for crypto enterprises. Only four crypto service providers have been licensed so far, but numerous financial institutions have applied.

Rodolphe wrote that regulatory systems in different European countries should be the same and help form a unified DeFi EU regulation.

“Ideally, such requirements would of course be uniform throughout the EU in order to prevent a fragmented market and to leverage Europe’s entire innovation potential.” She emphasized.

Rodolphe drew the conclusion that new DeFi laws mustn’t be weaker than the existing standards for traditional financial goods, as this might make DeFi products more appealing to businesses from a regulatory standpoint.

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